Franklin Delano Roosevelt s First 100 Days - 1396 Words

Darin DuPont Professor Pfiffner May 4, 2017 Term Paper Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s First 100 Days The Great Depression was one of the biggest economic downfalls of the United States in its history. One man changed the direction of the country by working diligently to bring the United States out of this depression. His personality, charisma, and ability to overcome his own suffering brought life back into a country who was divested by the Great Depression. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, came up with a package of policy and programs that would help boost the economy and drive consumption and investment back into the country, in his first 100 days. The main thing that he did was to set precedents that would be followed by Presidents to this†¦show more content†¦It was not the prettiest of jobs but it helped put people to work and create a better environment at the same time, working on planting trees, cutting firebreak, or building bridges. The New Deal did more than just bring jobs, it helped improve individuals lives and the way they were able to live. We could go on and on talking about each legislation and what it did for the people, but we can conclude that these pieces of legislation helped the United States get out one of the most difficult times in history. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt put the United States on his back and guided them through a vicious jungle. These legislations set a new standard of operation for the government that FDR did not intend it to be. That standard would be the increase of control within the White House in the influence of legislation, as well as the continued measurement of the first 100 days of a new President’s term, which has been a unique measurement. FDR brought on a standard where key legislation ideas and pressure can be centered inside the White House. During the first 100 days FDR was the face and the light that the people saw and behind the scenes his advisors were formulating how the New Deal would take shape. The creation of new parts of the government, skyrocketing the footprint of the federal government throughout the country, and the development of a stronger federalShow MoreRelated Franklin Roosevelt Essay800 Words   |  4 Pages Franklin Delano Roosevelt, (1882-1945), 32nd president of the United States. Roosevelt became president in March 1933 at the depth of the Great Depression. He was reelected for three more terms, and died in office in April 1945. He was a fascinating idealist whose confidence helped carry on the American people during the strains of economic crisis and world war even though he had an attack of poliomyelitis, which paralyzed his legs in 1921. He was one of Americas most touchy leaders. Though RooseveltRead MoreFranklin Delano Roosevelt Vs. Franklin Roosevelt1559 Words   |  7 PagesFranklin Delano Roosevelt was conceived on January 30, 1882, into an affluent gang. The Roosevelts had been unmistakable for a few eras, having made their fortune in land and exchange. Franklin was the main offspring of James Roosevelt and Sara Ann Delano Roosevelt. The family inhabited Springwood, their domain in the Hudson River Valley in New York State. While growing up, Franklin Roosevelt was encompassed by benefit and a feeling of pomposity. He was instructed by guides and tutors until age 14Read MoreGeorge Washington s President Of The United States2433 Words   |  10 PagesIn 1789, George Washington became the first elected President of the United States. President George Washington stayed in office for two terms (eight years), after which he decided to â€Å"step-down† or not to run again. His friends tried to convince him to run again, but he already had his mind made up. His successor John Adams continued to follow in George Washington’s footsteps and only served two terms. This started a tradition where Presidents generally only serve as Chief of State, Chief ExecutiveRead MorePresident Franklin Delano Roosevelt s President Of The United States1855 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"President Franklin Delano Roosevelt† The American political system today is flowing incredibly well, despite looking at disputes between political candidates and parties. Have you ever wondered how laborious and demanding it is running a country while receiving high criticism, negativity, and undergoing stressful times? I believe all of the United States presidents’ have worked hard to improve the economy and the lives of U.S. citizens. Politics are often confused and referred to as corrupt, butRead MoreEssay about Twists and Turns of the 1920s953 Words   |  4 Pages Depression Era Project. Throughout the 1920’s there were many bad times and many good times. From things like Flappers, women who began to do things that were considered â€Å"Un-lady like†, to the Stock Market crash all the way to the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the 20’s and 30’s were full of twists and turns. Even the fact that Herbert Hoover, who was beloved during WWI, was beaten by newcomer Franklin D. Roosevelt was a surprise. Though, after the Stock Market had crashed FDR’s electionRead MoreEssay on Franklin Delano Roosevelt1969 Words   |  8 PagesBiography of Franklin Delano Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt, popularly known as FDR, was born on January 30, 1882 at the family estate in Hyde Park, New York. His father, James, graduated from Harvard Law School, married, had a son, and took over his family?s rights in coal and transportation. Despite the fact that he lost a good deal of money in financial gambles, he remained wealthy enough to travel by private railroad car, to live comfortably on his Hudson River estate at Hyde ParkRead MoreThe New Deal1023 Words   |  5 Pagespresidential election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1932 had risen the nation’s hope of economic restoration. Over three years of unrelenting hardship had taken damage on the American psyche. Roosevelt’s landslide electoral victory over former president Herbert Hoover, signaled a thorough rejection of the existing state of affairs and a desire for a new approach on â€Å"fixing the national economic crisis† (Hurley). The new president would not let down the nation. D uring his first two terms in office,Read MoreThe New Deal. Samantha Archer. Pols 1101: American Government.1359 Words   |  6 Pageseconomic crisis in U.S. history, Franklin D. Roosevelt accepted the Democratic Party’s presidential nomination, promising â€Å"a new deal for the American people.† That promise became a series of relief, recovery, and reform programs designed to provide assistance to the unemployed and poor, revive the economy, and change the financial system to prevent another depression Who developed and implemented the New Deal? The New Deal was developed by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933. When FDR ran for presidentRead MorePresidential Success And Its Impact On The State Of Nation3662 Words   |  15 Pagesleadership. These top-tier individuals elected to the presidency uses the resources and personal characteristics to lead them to success and greatness, in some cases, some more than others. I have provided a case study between Presidents Van Buren and Roosevelt to show how the internal and external factors lead one president to be one of the greatest and most successful presidents in U.S history, while the other is regarded as one of the more unsuccessful and worst presidents. Presidential success is distinguishedRead More Franklin D. Roosevelt2924 Words   |  12 PagesIn the 1930’s the United States need a president that would be able to lead the country through the tough times of the Great Depression and World War II. Franklin D. Roosevelt was the man who was capable to lead the country through these challenging times. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the adored only child of James and Sara Delano Roosevelt born on January 30, 1882 at Hyde Park, New York. Both sides of the family, the Delano and the Roosevelt had business associates of shipping interests in coal

Validity Of Change Brought Forth By The American Revolution

DBQ- Validity of Change Brought Forth by the American Revolution The American Revolution was a movement that brought forward drastic changes within American society, bringing into light new and controversial ideas of equality and freedom to the colonies. The tension between Britain and the colonies brewed as the English Congress, Parliament, began to pass laws and taxes on colonies’ goods, sparking uproars and protests reminiscing about the past rule over the colonies- salutary neglect and a desire to return to the unscrutinized type of British rule. The French and Indian War sent Britain spiraling into debt and in order to remedy the loss, Parliament began to tax colonists to pay back what was lost from the war. In essence, the colonies†¦show more content†¦With the development of the Ladies of Liberty in Document D, â€Å"colonial women played a significant role in the American Revolution†. They aided with the boycotting of British goods and participated in the movements of homespun clothing and non-importation. Colonial w omen would sew clothes for their families, out of cotton and wool to support the Revolution. As well as participating in these movements, women also began to gain confidence and power within themselves. In Document D, Abigail Adams writes to her husband recalling events witnessed that day involving the women of Massachusetts. After a rude, â€Å"stingy† merchant refuses to sell them coffee at an affordable price, â€Å"some hundred [women] assembled with a cart†¦marched down to the warehouse, and demanded [the merchant’s] keys†. After refusing, they â€Å"seized him by the neck, tossed him into the cart†, obtaining his keys as well as his gallons of coffee. They â€Å"hoisted† the coffee in their trunks and drove away leaving a crowd of men bewildered and shocked. While this document was targeted towards Abigail’s husband John Adams, he was a growing influence within American society, further solidifying the role of male domination. Her letter/ recollection of the scene only demonstrated the growing confidence and power within the community of colonial women at the time but in no way did the whiteShow MoreRelatedThe Great Awakening Of The 1730s1630 Words   |  7 PagesBirth, characterized by passional and experiential conversion. My analysis of the Great Awakening brings forth evidence that the New Lights espoused a revolutionary and nationalistic sentiment towards the bettering of American society against both the old colonial elite and the British Crown. The Great Awakening transcended social cleavages and altered the socio-religious structure of early American colonial society. Religion in early colonial society was a significant social force, the revivals alteredRead MoreThe Nature Of Philosophy On The Book Apology By Plato1251 Words   |  6 PagesThe debates they generated enlightened a lot of the Athenians of corruption and negligence conducted by the people in power. It is for this reason that the mighty people in the government ensured that they defeated Socrates before he stirred up a revolution against their system. This metaphor is considered a characteristic of philosophy because it fundamentally elaborates the basic thought behind philosophy as a discipline and a school of thought. Philosophy can be defined as the study of ideas toRead MoreAlexander Hamilton Writes The Farmer Refuted1713 Words   |  7 Pagescurrently enjoyed by those living under the rule of the King, Lords and Commons. To continue on the path suggested by the Continental Congress will lead to slavery under a republican Congress, slavery to rule by the mob. Seabury does state that Americans are, like all men, have a right to freedom, but only so far as it â€Å"is consistent with the security of civil society.† Hamilton uses The Farmer Refuted to express his beliefs on the law of nature and what is consistent with the security of civil societyRead MoreThe Most Memorable Take Away From Middle School History2024 Words   |  9 PagesEvery American student has heard, read, or written the quote, â€Å"Those who do not learn history are doomed to repeat it† more times than they can remember. It is probably the most memorable take away from middle school history classes. It comes from a saying by 19th century philosopher George Santayana, who originally wrote, â€Å"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it† (Santayana 243). While its unrelenting repetition has earned it a reputation as a clichà ©, overused history essayRead MoreCuban Revolution Extended Essay4117 Words   |  17 Pagesfreedom, independence and socialism as opposed to popular belief that it was more similar to the harsher and forceful Soviet Communism. This is why it is vital to stay critical and reflective when studying such a controversial topic like the Cuban revolution because there are in fact those who look at Castro as a divine saviour for having liberated the Cuban people from Batista’s tyrannous reign, and putting the small island back on the map. The main aim for this essay w ill be to determine why suchRead MoreMarxist Theory Research7512 Words   |  31 Pagesincorrect, but not outdated. Lenin’s â€Å"official† defenders in Moscow have tried to prove that every word written in 1916 is still totally valid today, while Marxists have taken into account the developments and changes of the last 50 years, modifying and adding to Lenin’s theory in the light of these changes. For the students of Lenin’s Imperialism, the two essays contained in this bulletin will serve as an introduction to the contemporary debate, indicating the questions which are being discussed and howRead MoreEssay on Photography in Advertising and its Effects on Society3730 Words   |  15 Pagescertainly is not the only component of memory, it is undoubtedly an integral and essential part of memory’s composition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Photography was first utilized over 100 years ago in an attempt to preserve life as it existed before the industrial revolution. Over time photography has gradually corrupted memory in a variety of ways, despite its original intention to preserve it. From there, photography has evolved to become a pressing threat not only to memory, but also to consciousness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AsRead MorePhotography in Advertising and Its Effects on Society3789 Words   |  16 Pagesimage certainly is not the only component of memory, it is undoubtedly an integral and essential part of memorys composition. Photography was first utilized over 100 years ago in an attempt to preserve life as it existed before the industrial revolution. Over time photography has gradually corrupted memory in a variety of ways, despite its original intention to preserve it. From there, photography has evolved to become a pressing threat not only to memory, but also to consciousness. As seenRead MoreDefinition and History of Industrial Psychology2947 Words   |  12 Pagescrystallized during World War I, in response to the need to rapidly assign new troops to duty stations. After the War the growing industrial base in the U.S. added impetus to industrial psychology. Walter Dill Scott, who was elected President of the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1919, was arguably the most prominent I-O psychologist of his time, although James McKeen Cattell (elected APA President in 1895) and Hugo Mà ¼nsterberg (1898) were influential in the early development of the fieldRead More Irvings American Progeny Essay2796 Words   |  12 PagesIrvings American Progeny Washington Irving had the unique opportunity of helping a new nation forge its own identity. America, fresh out of the revolution, looked for an author to take charge and create something that seemed to be missing from the newly born nation. He took this responsibility seriously and made a mythology that founded an American literary tradition. He took bits and pieces from the Old World and incorporated them into the New in such a manner that what he wrote appeared original

Strategic Management for Long-Term Growth- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Management for Long-Term Growth. Answer: Industry analysis: The industry has numerous driving forces where B1 is competing in that every individual would be influenced. The driving forces situated on the product and innovation in market, modifications in long-term industrial growth, changes in efficiency and cost along with modifications in the individuals purchasing the cameras and way of using the same. All the above driving forces would have an influence, since they could either raise or decline the market demands. After the review of these numbers, it could be seen that such driving forces would increase the overall intensity of competition (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). B1 has experienced a fall in market share, which has resulted in decline in profit levels. The two actions, which B1 needs to consider for fighting with the adverse effects, are lowering its selling price to be 20% beyond cost along with increasing advertising in all areas. For instance, in Appendix A, the strategic group map depicts the position of each organisation in the market for entry-level cameras. The most attractive organisations in the map include Click Camera Company and Envision. The two organisations having weak positions in the market include B1 and Da Best Cameras. The organisations attempting to move to a different position on the map of strategic map include Da Best Cameras, Fantastic and B1. This map in Appendix B would depict the position of each organisation in the market in the context of multi-featured cameras. The positioning of all the organisations is identical like in the entry-level cameras. The three main factors to become successful in the digital camera sector include enhanced advertisement in all places, particularly in North America, to attract higher consumers provide quality cameras at each level for a cheaper price along with diversifying distribution outlets to raise the market share (Wheelen Hunger, 2017). Few hard instances denote that the strategy of B1 has been effective and the revenue estimation in the seventh year has been $376,380. In addition, it has been increased to $422,526 and in the seventh year, earnings per share have been $1.36; however, the estimated number has been $2.18. In addition, the net income in year 7 has been $27,145, although the expected number has been $43,516. Furthermore, the return on equity in year 7 has been 21.2%, while the estimated number has been 27.1%. References: Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D. (2017).Strategic management and business policy. pearson.

Strategies of Containment ( John Lewis Gaddis ) free essay sample

Critical review of 1982 work on origins evolution of containment of Soviet Union from WWII through 1970s. Military planning, Cold War ideology, leadership, geopolitics and detente. The doctrine of containment of the Soviet Union, first set forth in detail in a celebrated article by George Kennan in the late 1940s, was the essential strategy of the United States during the Cold War era. In its most essential terms, containment as a doctrine argued that an ultimate confrontation with the Soviet Union was neither inevitable nor necessary; that if the United States and its allies could hold their ground and buy time, that would in the end be sufficient. Events, indeed, have borne out Kennans argument. Well into the 1980s, the Cold War still appeared as though it might persist indefinitely. But from 1985 on, the Soviet system collapsed from its own internal tensions, nearly bloodlessly and indeed all but effortlessly. A final confrontation did indeed prove unnecessary; containment succeed in its objectives, albeit after. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategies of Containment ( John Lewis Gaddis ) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .

The Six Capitals and Evangelist Plaques essays

The Six Capitals and Evangelist Plaques essays The Six Capitals and Evangelist Plaques The art of the Romanesque period was characterized by an important revival of monumental forms, notably sculptures and fresco paintings, which develop in close association with architectural decoration and exhibited a forceful and often severely structural quality. At the same time an element of realism, which parallels the first flowering of vernacular literature, came to the fore. It was expressed in terms of a direct and naive observation of certain details drawn from daily life and heightened emphasis on emotion and fantasy. The first important monuments of Romanesque sculpture were created in the last of the 11th century and the first decades of the 12th century. The both art subjects we will discuss later are details of churches in different areas from the Romanesque period. The Six Capitals or decorating rowing elements of columns are believed to have came from the interior of the Abbey Church of Saint-Laurent, near Cosne-Coura-sur-Loire, Central France around 1125-50. The other subjects are evangelist plaques with symbols of four evangelists and a central decorative relief from Genoa, North Italy around 1250. There is no information about who or why they were created, as its known most of the art around this period was created for decoration interior and exterior of the churches. The original size of the massive stone columns is around 10f tall about twice as high as they are display in Philadelphia Museum of Arts. Comparing to them the evangelist plaques are smaller around 2sq f rectangle. Both are flat on the back because the made to assemble in the interior walls in the church. The arrangement elements abounded in seemingly endless combination of zoomorphic, vegetal and abstract motives. One of the capitals bold combinations of abstract intertwisting carves, branches and leaves. Some of the details o ...

Cunto se demora la green card por trabajo

Cunto se demora la green card por trabajo El tiempo de demora de la tarjeta de residencia por trabajo varà ­a desde apenas unos meses de tramitacià ³n ordinaria hasta esperas variables de varios aà ±os. La diferencia radica en la categorà ­a de visa de trabajo por la que se obtiene la tarjeta de residencia. (Y en algunos casos tambià ©n afecta el paà ­s de origen). Categorà ­as en las que no hay espera para la green card por razones de trabajo Cada aà ±o fiscal se conceden 140,000 tarjetas de residencia por motivos de empleo, divididas en diferentes categorà ­as. Las denominadas 1, 2, 4 y 5 no tienen que esperar a que haya visas disponibles, porque el nà ºmero de visados es superior al de peticiones. Pero,  ¿quà © empleos estn comprendidos en esas categorà ­as? Anualmente se conceden hasta un mximo de 40,000 visas en la categorà ­a 1. Dentro de esta hay tres tipos de empleos posibles: EB-1 (a), para la crema de la crema profesionalmente hablando. Pueden aplicar por ellas personas extranjeras con habilidades extraordinarias en las Artes, las Ciencias, el Deporte, la Educacià ³n o los Negocios. Son profesionales tan excepcionales que no necesitan tener una oferta de trabajo. Es decir, pueden aplicar ellos mismos por la tarjeta de residencia, sin patrocinador. EB-1 (b), para profesores universitarios o investigadores sobresalientes con al menos de tres aà ±os de experiencia profesional reconocida internacionalmente. Es necesario que tengan una oferta de trabajo y que la solicitud para la tarjeta de residencia la presente una universidad o un instituto, pà ºblico o privado, de investigacià ³n. EB-1 (c), para ejecutivos o gerentes que lleven al menos tres aà ±os trabajando en el extranjero para una filial o subsidiaria de una empresa americana. Tampoco hay tiempo de espera para la categorà ­a 2 (EB-2), para la que hay reservada 40,000 tarjetas de residencia por aà ±o fiscal. Pueden beneficiarse los profesionales con una maestrà ­a o doctorado o, en el caso de tener sà ³lo una licenciatura, debern tener cinco aà ±os de experiencia laboral. Tambià ©n encajan en esta categorà ­a las personas con habilidades excepcionales en los Negocios, las Artes y las Ciencias. Es decir, deben ser muy superiores a la media en su campo. Aunque generalmente se necesita una oferta de trabajo y que el empleador solicite la tarjeta de residencia para ellos, hay casos en los que el extranjero que cumple con los requisitos arriba mencionados puede solicitar la green card por sà ­ mismos si puede probar que la aprobacià ³n de su solicitud servirà ­a los intereses nacionales de los Estados Unidos. De hecho, hay abogados especialistas en este tipo de casos que se conocen con las iniciales NIW (por Waiver por interà ©s nacional, en inglà ©s). Otra categorà ­a sin tiempo de espera es la 4 (EB-4), que son conocidos como Emigrantes Especiales. Es necesario que el empleador americano solicite la tarjeta de residencia para ellos mediante la planilla I-360. Pueden beneficiarse por esta categorà ­a: Sacerdotes, monjas, rabinos y otros trabajadores religiosos.Ex trabajadores del Canal de Panam.Ciertos miembros del Ejà ©rcito de los Estados Unidos.Empleados jubilados de organizaciones internacionales y dependientes.Asimismo, trabajadores en el extranjero del Gobierno estadounidense. En este à ºltimo caso, la peticià ³n de la green card no debe hacerse mediante la I-360, sino que debe utilizarse la planilla DS-1884. Por à ºltimo, los inversores dentro de la categorà ­a 5 (EB-5) tampoco estn sujetos a disponibilidad de visas y espera. Hay que resaltar que aunque no hay tiempo de espera por visas en las categorà ­as arriba mencionadas, hay unos meses de demora en la tramitacià ³n ordinaria. Tiempo de espera para la categorà ­a 3 y otros trabajadores Los trabajadores que obtienen la tarjeta de residencia por la categorà ­a 3 (EB-3) o por la de otros trabajadores esperan en estos momentos cuatro aà ±os y medio, para los casos de ciudadanos de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a. Otros paà ­ses, como India o China tienen tiempos de espera superiores. En la categorà ­a 3 y en la de otros trabajadores recaen: Profesionales con licenciatura (B.A. o B.S.).Personas sin estudios superiores pero con una habilidad profesional especial y experiencia laboral de al menos dos aà ±os.Personas sin habilidades especiales pero cuyo trabajo requiere una experiencia laboral de al menos dos aà ±os. Para esta subcategorà ­a no pueden otorgarse ms de 10,000 tarjetas de residencia por aà ±o fiscal. Las personas que estn esperando por una green card en esta categorà ­a pueden verificar los tiempos de espera en el Boletà ­n de Visas del Departamento de Estado, teniendo en cuenta la fecha de prioridad de su aplicacià ³n. Por à ºltimo, tener en cuenta que para esta categorà ­a es siempre necesario obtener una certificacià ³n laboral y tener una oferta de empleo y que el empleador estadounidense realice la peticià ³n de la green card mediante la planilla I-140. Se recomienda tomar  este test para verificar  que se tienen los conocimientos necesarios sobre green card.

The effects of enviromental temperature on human respiration Lab Report

The effects of enviromental temperature on human respiration - Lab Report Example Hypertensive patients should be extremely careful in cold weather and people should take care such that the amount or degree of exposure to cold is reduced and also adopt measures to keep the body warm. It is important to expose the body to the cold stress. However the instant impact is quite drastic. After the initial brief seconds, the rate of metabolism seems to fall as the body now adjusts itself gradually to the stimuli. Adaptation is important for human being and degree of adaptation depends upon the habituation. The term acclimatization refers to the physiological adaptation of the body to a fall in temperature. In order to make the patient adaptable to the surrounding cold, it is important first for the person to come in contact with the stimuli. Escaping or protecting oneself from the cold by wearing heavy warm clothes is not the permanent solution. The study carried out by Young, Muza, Sawka, Gonzalez, and Pandolf (1985) shows the impact of repeated immersion in cold water, a program designed for adaptation. However it was observed that only under light stressful a condition a person is able to show adaptation but not under strict conditions. It has also been observed that cold presor test (CPT) revealed that with the increase in cardiac sympathetic activity, the heart rate increases too during the first 30 seconds of the test. In this case results also reveal â€Å"Arterial pressure, heart rate, and MSNA all increased significantly during the CPT† (Victor, Leimbach, Jr., Seals, W alljn, and Mark, 2008, 431) According to Fleisher and Krieger (2007) cardiac arrest brings about halt in respiratory activities or apnea. Therefore, we can infer that an increase in cardiac activity will bring about an increase in respiration rate. It may be hypothesized that the environmental temperature will affect human respiration. At colder temperature, the

Blood Vessel Constitutive Models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Blood Vessel Constitutive Models - Essay Example In fact, there are many parameters that need to be examined in order to formulate a valid assumption regarding the role of ‘mechanical function’ of blood vessel especially in the response of patients to specific treatment. Because of this fact, it is necessary that several models are developed which are going to be evaluated as of their applicability by the medical practitioner involved in each particular case. Current study examines especially the structure and the effectiveness of a series of blood vessel constitutive models as they have been included in the paper of Vito and Dixon published in the Annual Review of Biomedical and Engineering (2003). The specific study presents the most significant models that have been designed in order to represent the mechanical properties of blood vessel in terms that these properties – if known to the practitioners – are going to be useful towards the design and the implementation of the appropriate treatment in patie nts that suffer from health problems caused by the ‘dysfunction’ of veins and arteries. The particular topic has been chosen because of its significance for the design of the appropriate treatment plans in cases of health problems caused because of a ‘dysfunction’ of arteries and veins. On the other hand, there are a few models that have been designed and tested in relation with the mechanical properties of blood vessel. These models however need to be critically analyzed in order to be evaluated whether the above models can be used by medical practitioners on a daily basis in terms that a situation (health problem) needs an emergent arrangement. In other words, can the models presented in the paper of Vito and Dixon (2003) be applied in all cases of health problems or they have to be alternated in order to meet the requirements of each particular situation? Moreover, are these models applicable in practice or they are just

Australia Should Not Reintroduce Capital Punishment Essay Example for Free

Australia Should Not Reintroduce Capital Punishment Essay Capital punishment or the death penalty as it is also known refers to the legally authorized killing of someone as punishment for a crime. The most common forms of capital punishment include electrocution, gas, firing squads, lethal injections and hanging. Australia abolished the death penalty in 1975 and since then, there have been many debates about whether it should be re-introduced. Capital punishment is uncivilised, represents solely revenge and is commonly a miscarriage of justice. Consequently, Australia should not re-introduce capital punishment. Capital punishment is both uncivilised and barbaric. Firstly, it brutalises witnesses. An example of this is Dr Phillip Opus, the man who defended Ronald Ryan and was present at his execution. He never got over Ryan going to the gallows and says â€Å"Before the Ryan case, I favoured capital punishment†¦ when he died, a little bit of me died too.† Secondly, capital punishment brutalises the executioner. When an execution is carried out through a firing squad, a blindfold is placed over the firing squads eyes. This was done so that the shooters did not know who fired the killing shot, therefore, they didn’t have to live with the guilt and shame of killing someone. Australia believes in justice, but we don’t believe that a brutal hanging is the type of justice that we feel comfortable with as a nation. Capital punishment represents only revenge and we are all human, thus, we don’t have the right to determine who lives and who dies. There is nothing in the world that gives another human being the right to kill another, and when it’s done out of revenge, it’s worse. There is also a human rights issue as capital punishment breaks the declaration of Human Rights. This is like the government breaking its own laws. Capital punishment is stooping to the level of the criminal and killing offenders only lowers us to their standard. Is it right to punish violence with more violence? Killing another human being is wrong; â€Å"he did it first† is not a valid excuse. The worst thing about capital punishment is that it is possible to make tragic mistakes; hence, it is a miscarriage of justice. Executions cannot be reversed or undone. There are atleast 40 confirmed cases of wrongful executions in the US alone. Colin Ross was a wine bar owner executed for the rape and murder of a child despite there being evidence that he was innocent. In the 1990’s, old evidence was re-examined with modern forensic technology which showed that Ross was innocent. This proves that capital punishment is a miscarriage of justice and we should only consider re-introducing Capital punishment in Australia when dead people can be brought back to life after being executed through wrong convictions. Capital punishment is also a miscarriage of justice in being that an execution is sometimes a punishment not fitting the crime. This is shown through Van Nguyen an Australian from Melbourne, Victoria convicted of drug-trafficking in Singapore. Drug trafficking carries the mandatory death sentence in Singapore’s Misuse of Drugs Act and despite pleas of clemency from the Australian government, Nguyen was hanged on the 2nd December 2005. Evidently, capital punishment also raises the issue of disproportionate punishment. 111 countries including Australia have abandoned the death penalty. From 1900 – 1967, 115 criminals were executed in Australia alone and there should never be anymore. Capital punishment is brutal, represents just revenge and is regularly a miscarriage of justice. This clearly shows, that Australia should not re-introduce capital punishment.

Computer Mouse :: Computer Science

Computer Mouse The Computer Mouse The computer mouse first came about in the early 1980's. The idea being that the movement from the users hand could be turned into signals that the computer could read moving the cursor around and also allowing the buttons to function when pressed. Today there are a few different types of computer mice on the market. These being the mice that use the traditional tracking ball, the optical mouse and the mouse that has no physical connection to the computer. The most common mouse found near a computer today is the traditional mouse that uses the tracking ball. This is the same method as was used when the mouse was first released in the 1980's. The track ball inside the mouse touches the desk when it is moved. When the ball moves the motion is detected by two perpendicular axis, one which detects x axis directional motion and the other y-axis direction motion. Tracking Ball Perpendicular axis motion detectors Hole in which track ball would sit The diagrams above show the tracking ball and the hole in which the tracking ball sits. You can see the x and y axis motion detectors of which the y-axis detector lies 90Â ° from the x-axis detector. These motion detectors are also known as rollers. When the mouse is in use the tracking ball moves moving one or both of the rollers. Each roller is connected to a shaft, which spins a disc. The disc has holes in it and next to the disc is an infrared LED and an infrared sensor. As the disc spins the hole in the disc breaks the beams of light generated by the LED and the sensor picks up these pulses of light. The speed of the pulses is related to how far the mouse has travelled. If the disc spins faster the further the mouse would have travelled. A diagram below shows one of these discs. LED light LED sensor Disc Shaft So from the mouse which is mechanical the movement and distance can be measured. This all starts at the track ball as explain above and ends at the transducers, which send the information to the computer. Once the distance, movement and direction data is gathered from the physical and the pulses of light are picked up from the infrared sensor the information is sent to the transducers. These transducers translate the information into electrical signals. These signals are translated into binary and sent to the computer. The computer will understand the binary data thus moving the cursor on the screen as appropriate. This shows that both physical and electrical operations

Government in England between 1649-1653 Essay

Why did the Rump Parliament fail to provide lasting and stable government in England between 1649-1653? The Rump was created by the purge of the Commons by the Army (Pride’s Purge, 6th December, 1648). It was the name given to the Parliament that sat after the execution of Charles I. it moved towards setting up a Republic buy abolishing the House of Lords (6 February 1649) and then abolishing the monarchy (7 February 1649). The Council of State became the executive governing body of the Republic and replaced The Privy Council on the 14th of February 1649. With such early changes to the political system of government, why did the Rump Parliament fail to last longer? The early changes did appeal to many radical reformers but fell short to many of their other aims. While the Rump was not entirely succesful in the short-run, it did manage to tackle the majority of its obstacles in the long-run, especially in Ireland and Scotland. After that, it did begin to attract support in 1652-1653. Unfortunately in the long-run the Rumpers remained too busy and too conservative to deal with the revolutionary interests of the minority in a through-going reformation. While it did manage to provide continuity and a modicum of stability and security at a difficult time (especially after the regicide), Oliver Cromwell finally lost patience claiming â€Å"the Lord has done with you†. The Army took action after it was disillusioned with the Rump for many other reasons besides the failure to bring a greater number of reforms. The Rump became increasingly unpopular in the long-run because of unpopular reforms and the lack of reforms as well. However, the Rump had difficulties ever since an estimated 100 MPs who were predominantly conservative, were readmitted after being absent from Pride’s Purge. They were not convinced republicans and could sway general opinion in the Rump. This was one major criticism it faced early on. It wasn’t radical enough for those who wanted political, social and religious changes. The Rump’s nucleus of radical members were soon out-numbered with the return of many conservative MPs. Many MPs were not prepared to accept a government that was associated with regicide (the murder of the King). This was seen as an act of crime. This was increasingly made more difficult in The engagement where 22 MPs refused to sign it and accept the abolition of the House of Lords, the abolition of the Monarchy along with the acceptance of Pride’s Purge as being legal. They would simply not swear an oath to this. They would not accept the legitimacy of the Rump to carry out reforms and they saw the Rump as a temporary expedient that would not last long. There was no consensus for reform. Given its conservative majority it is clear that the Rump was not going to make far-reaching parliamentary or social changes. Another criticism it received was that it was a minority regime with virtually no popular support. It was just a tool of the Army. It was also thought to be republic in name only with no real commitment to democracy. However there were even more obstacles it had to deal with in 1649 besides the barrage of criticism it received. This would make it undoubtedly more difficult for the Rump to provide lasting and stable government in a time when there were serious economic problems, because bad harvests took place during 1649 and 1650. Not only did this cause social distress, but at the same time the regime was in serious debt. Legislation was a major obstacle to reform. It was a complex subject. The Rump was responsible for both the planning and debating of necessary legislation and the daily maintainance of government. This was a massive task that made progress to constitutional refroms a laborious process because of the increased workloads. In addition, after the new republic was declared, it faced many enemies. Royalists had no real love for it and Presbyterians had very little. The Rump was pressurised by the army but even the army was a potential enemy because many soldiers were still owed large sums of back pay. Many regiments mutinied until arrears were eventually paid by 1650. The Army also wanted to see reforms. They wanted laws to be more accessible and break the monopoly in the legal profession. Given that there were fourty-four lawyers in the House, there would not be drastic changes to the legal establishment. Also, given that the Rump represented commercial interests, it was unlikely they would abolish the privileges of big corporations or monopalies that the radical elements of the army and the Levellers hated. This would cause increased frustration to the Army who also desired a new constitution and social reforms to include a more representative form of government. There were 211 MPs in the Rump. 70 would attend the sitting, but the composition and number of MPs who were active meant it was unrepresentative at that level. On 14 May Cromwell and Fairfax took a body of mutineers at Burford by surprise, captured 300 in the night. Only three mutineers were shot. This shows the army helped to deal with particular incidents to provide a stable government but it was still an obstacle to the Rump because of its demands for reform. Furthermore, there were external problems including the rebellion in Ireland. Many Irish Anglicans and Catholics formed a united opposition to the execution of King Charles I. This enhanced the possibility of an invasion of Charles II with foreign help. The Irish Rebellion had continued since 1641, after Sir Thomas Wentworth who governed Irelaand using the ‘rule of thorough’ came back to England to advise Charles I. During this time the attrocities and emotions had escalated . By September 1641 there was a threat of a second army plot. Irish Catholics massacred protestants and there was a fear that they could make their way to England and join English Catholics. In February 1642, the Long Parliament issued the Adventurers Act in which parliament would gain military support to control the problem and in return give land in Ireland. There was every reason for Cromwell and the Rump to be concerned with Ireland. There were also problems in Scotland and the threat of a Royalist invasion. Both these posed a security threat to the Rump in England. Later, there would be a war with the Dutch ( for commercial reasons ) on 19 May 1652. With many campaigns being executed during the time of the Rump, reforms would have to take a back seat. Charles II was a threat right until September 1651. Closer to home, the Levellers who feared being denied influence launched a bitter attack on Oliver Cromwell and Henry Ireton. They accused them of being ambitious and deceitful. The Levellers aimed to also use the army as a power base which was very dangerous. The Rump had to try and resist pressure for changes of a politically radical nature to avoid instability. The Levellers wanted the parliamentary franchise extended to the ‘middle sort of people’, a more representative distribution of seats and recognition of certain fundamental human rights and freedoms. Therefore the Rump ordered the arrest of its leaders, and they were imprisoned in The Tower of London. A Leveller-inspired rising resulted in its Leveller leader, William Thompson being shot. This created some discontent amongst radicals. In October 1649 John Lilburne was tried for treason, but acquitted later. The Rump then ordered him to be exiled. By 1649 more radical left-wing groups such as the True Levellers or Diggers and religious sects such as the Fifth Monarchists, Ranters and Quakers seemed to overshadow the Leveller cause. They overrode all considerations of law, conventional morality and religion. This could be a barrier to sustainable progress for the Rump who were alarmed at the situation. Fortunately for the Rump Parliament, though these groups attracted many people, they were too fragmented to prove any effective threat to the regime. It is argued their existence made the Rump more conservative. The establishment of the republican Commonwealth in 1649 would cause a more godly society to emerge and justify the revolution had caused a multitude of radical religious and secular proposals which eventually fell on deaf Rumpers ears. The Rump wanted to contain the spread of radicalism. This would mean the Rump would not authorise complete religious toleration. With such a vast number of obstacles to deal with, the Rump did have achievements. This is because the Commonwealth government functioned successfully-collecting taxes, upholding property and keeping the peace in very difficult circumstances. England became powerful in European politics and trade and colonial interests flourished under the republic. The Rump also successfully ‘reinvented’ the English political landscape. There were many administrive chnages and the civil aervice was founded. The Rump buiilt up the navy and by 1652 there were 100 warships. The wars forced the governments to modernize and in 1649 the Rump needed force to deal with Ireland and Scotland.

Proc 5850 Logistics Essay

1. KLF Electronics is an American manufacturer of electronic equipment. The company has a single manufacturing facility in San Jose California. (20 points) KLF Electronics distributes its products through five regional warehouses located in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, and Los Angeles. In the current distribution system, the United States is partitioned into five major markets, each of which is served by a single regional warehouse. Customers, typically retail outlets, receive items directly from the regional warehouses in their market area. That is, in the current distribution system, each customer is assigned to a single market and receives deliveries from one regional warehouse. The warehouses receive items from the manufacturing facility; typically, it takes about two weeks to satisfy an order placed by any of the regional warehouses. In recent years, KLF has seen a significant increase in competition and huge pressure from their customers to improve service levels and reduce costs. To improve service level and reduce costs, KLF would like to consider an alternative distribution strategy in which the five regional warehouses are replaced with a single, central warehouse that will be in charge of all customer orders. Part A: Describe how you would design a new logistics network consisting of only a single warehouse. Due to increasing competition in the world, the company has to advance its logistics system. To meet the ever increasing demands of the customers, the company is planning to form a single regional warehouse that will be in charge of the customer orders. Logistics is responsible for the movement of people and materials in the organization. Logistics department of the company decides as to how and when, the raw materials or other finished or semi-finished products should be moved and stored. If the company plans for a single warehousing system, then it is basically focusing on the centralized warehousing which is responsible for serving the whole market. The network will be designed with the help of complete analysis of the company’s operations. This will help to design an efficient strategy for the company. The location and size of the warehouse will be decided. The transportation and facility costs will also be calculated. The cost set up will be properly estimated. The network will consist of various facilities like manufacturing center, vendor, distribution center and customers. There will also be a variety of raw materials and finished products that flow among these facilities. Part B: Provide an outline of such an analysis; what are the main steps? There are various steps that will be involved for designing a new logistics activity. In the first step, the currently operating network in the organization should be analyzed. In the second step, the network optimization database should be designed and populated. After this in the third step, the alternatives for network design should be created. In the fourth step, the network optimization model should be adopted. In the fifth step, the tool for network optimization should be selected. In the sixth step, the network optimization should be implemented. In the seventh step, the alternative network designs will be evaluated. In the last and the final step, the reconfiguration costs for the network will be analyzed. Part C: Specifically, what data would you need? The data that will be required for this design network is as follows: 1Â · A list of all the products of the company. 2Â · The location of the customers. 3Â · Warehousing cost and transportation cost. 4Â · Demands of the customer for each product. 5Â · Size of shipment by product. 6Â · Cost of processing the order. 7Â · Patterns of the orders by size, content and frequency. Part D: What are the advantages and disadvantages of the newly suggested distribution strategy relative to the existing distribution strategy? The newly suggested strategy will help the company in a number of ways. It will help in speeding up the production activities of the company. It will reduce the facility cost of the company. The safety stock required in centralized system is also less. It will also reduce the inbound transportation costs. The disadvantages of such a system are that the lead time will increase and it will become difficult for all the customers to easily approach a single warehouse. The activities will become complex and the outbound transportation cost will increase. 2. As the Purchasing Manager in a manufacturing firm, you would be expected to identify and know various aspects related to transportation/traffic in order to effectively perform your job. Today, during the staff meeting, your boss asked you for advice on two aspects of transportations: (20 points) a. What are the major considerations when handling materials? i. Discuss the following: 1. Load Unitization, 2. Space Layout, 3. Storage Equipment Choices, and 4. Movement Equipment Choices. There are various considerations while handling the materials and care should be taken, while working over this activity. The following things need to be considered: Load Unitization: This is an important factor of consideration for material handling. Load unitization is the packaging and arranging of the item or items in a particular manner that can be handled as a unit. It should be considered that the items are banded in a securable manner. In this, the physical packaging of the product needs to be considered for its protective packaging. Overhang pallets for packaging should not be used as they can damage the product (Lock, 1998). Space Layout: It is also an important point of consideration in material handling. The space layout should be such so that the materials can be handled in an easy and comfortable manner. The space layout should be according to the products and for the ease of the workers. Storage Equipment Choices: It is to be considered as it is the greatest factor that contributes to the storage cost. The storage equipment choices include automated storage and retrieval systems, carousel storage and retrieval system, automated guided vehicle system and power & free conveyors. These equipment choices need to be considered to check the efficiency and cost effectiveness of the logistics network. Movement Equipment Choices: it is also an important consideration in the material handling and it will help in allocating the movement of the materials for transport. The equipment choices help in managing the movement of the equipment for storage and transport. b. What legal forms of transportation are available to the company? ii. Identify the legal forms of transportation. iii. Discuss the legal forms of transportation. iv. Provide one example for each legal form of transportation. There are various forms of legal transportation which involves regulation of the operating rights. The forms of legal transportation are common carriers, contract carriers, exempt carriers and private carriers. Common carriers provide services under closed regulation, as per the published tariff. They operate in a particular geographical area and for a specific commodity. Example of common carrier can be ‘highway transportation’. Contract carriers provide services at individually negotiated rates and operate under a regulatory authority. They have pricing freedom and have no service compulsion. They operate on the guidelines that there should be no rate discrimination between the customers. Example of contract carrier is ‘rail transportation’. Exempt carriers are those which are not liable for taxation and free from obligations. These are used for agricultural commodities in the United States. Example of exempt carriers is water transportation. Private carriers look after their own goods transportation. They are not governed by cost and service regulations. They cannot carry the goods of others, although many regulations have now permitted to do so. Example of private carrier is air transport. 3. Consider the supply chain for breakfast cereal. Discuss the competing objectives of the farmers who make the raw materials, the manufacturing division of the company that makes the cereal, the logistics division of the company that makes the cereal, the marketing division of the company that make the cereal, the distribution arm of the grocery chain that sells the cereal, and the manager of the individual grocery store that sells the cereal. (20 points) In the supply chain for breakfast cereals, everyone has its own competing objectives which inspire them to produce the product by giving his best possible effort. In the supply chain, the objectives of the farmers are to produce the best quality raw materials and earn maximum profit for him and his family. He wants to sell it at the best possible price and puts all his efforts to produce the cereals. The competing objectives of the manufacturing division of the company are that they should produce the quality and type of product that is demanded by the customer. Its main aim is to acquire efficiency in production and to produce better than its competitors. The logistics division of the company also has certain competing objectives. It works with the objective of managing all the materials and manpower related activities. It handles the storage of materials in an efficient manner. The management of transportation, purchasing of raw materials, storage and supply of finished products are the main aim of the logistics division. The objectives of the marketing division of the company will be to market the product in an attractive and effective manner. The packaging should be attractive and should display the special qualities of the products. It also has the objective of deciding the pricing and promotional activities of the product. The objective of the distribution arm of the grocery chain is to distribute maximum quantity of the product to the retailers and cover more targets as compared to their competitors. The objective of the grocery store that sells the cereal will be to sell the best quality products to the customers. They also serve the customers and fulfill their requirements. 4. You have been called in as a consultant to a large drugstore chain which has 24,000 inventory line items. Explain how inventory classification could help this company to better control its inventory. (20 points) Inventory classification is very helpful for controlling the inventory when a company has such a wide variety of inventory line items. There are basically five different types of inventories that are fluctuating inventories, anticipation inventories, cycle inventories, transportation inventories and decoupling inventories. Fluctuating inventory will help in managing the irregular demand of the products. Anticipated inventory helps in managing the unpredictable demand of the product. Cycle inventory helps in equating the consumption and production of the products. Transportation inventories are managed, where the time taken to transport a product is more and so meet the demands, it is maintained. Decoupling inventory is maintained to cover up the increasing demand of the product or the increasing purchases of the product. Inventory classification will help the company in inventory control, as, it will help in proper planning of the production system as materials will be available wherever and whenever required. It will also help in satisfying the orders of the customers as per the commuted date. It can also help in solving the problem of rush order inventory. It will also help in timely management of the inventory. 5. Discuss how each of the following helps to alleviate the bullwhip effect: (20 points) c. E-Commerce and the Internet d. Express Delivery e. Collaborative forecasts f. Everyday low pricing g. Vendor-managed inventory Bullwhip effect is the enlargement of the demand fluctuations i.e. increases and decreases in demand. This is often caused by price fluctuations, rationing, misperceptions of feedbacks, ordering panics, forecasting errors etc. It can be alleviated with the help of various tools like internet, express delivery, collaborative forecasts etc. Internet and e-commerce helps in giving more accurate information to the suppliers about the demand of a product. It helps in prevention of deformation and wrong communication of the demand related information. It also assists in reducing the lead time, as; it eases the order processing activity. Express delivery helps in reducing the demand variance and also reduces the lead time. It refers to timely and very fast delivery of the products to the wholesalers and to the ultimate customers. In collaborative forecasts procurement, product management and sales participate. Collaborative forecasts help the stakeholders in arriving at a particular demand forecast and alleviate the bullwhip effect. Everyday pricing also alleviates the bullwhip effect. There are certain demand hikes, which are created by periodic promotions and this leads to increase in demand fluctuations. Everyday pricing helps in preventing the increasing demand fluctuations and alleviates the bullwhip effect. Vendor managed inventory is helpful for the supplier as, it assists in monitoring the downstream demand. With this, the supplier can make a good and effective decision related to various activities like what quantity should be shipped for the customers and what quantity should be kept on hand. So, with the help of vendor managed inventory, the supplier does not have to depend upon the order data. Thus, the supplier does not have to rely on order data for demand estimation and alleviates the bullwhip effect.

Paper Making Industry

Paper Making Industry Introduction Today, there is massive competition in the corporate world. Companies continually seek ways to stay in business and to outdo their rivals. Consequently, many institutions have embraced advertising to stay in business. There are many ways to advertise especially by use of media. In this century, use of internet and audios include students, teachers, parents, employers, and employees among other people. The widespread use of the paper shows its importance. People mainly use papers to communicate. However, papers have advanced uses such as making decorations and bags. Used papers are also useful. People recycle them to make more tissue papers, cartons, and decorations among other uses.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is essential for individuals to use papers efficiently. This is because the resources used come from the environment, which is susceptible to degradation and pollution that results from the paper making processes. People should maintain papers by using them for the right purposes. In addition, individuals should put used papers to proper use. This way the papermaking life cycle will be less harmful to the environment (European Commission 1). Waste management Evidently, papers are essential to a large population in running their everyday duties. This makes industries related to paper and pulp industry important as they play an integral role in the social and economic developments. However, these industries pose challenges to the environment. In their bid to satisfy the overwhelming demand for papers, Pulp and paper industries emit large amounts of waste throughout the production processes. These wastes range from primary sludge, organic wastes, to greenhouse gases. Factories relea se emissions and wastes in all stages of paper production. In the first stage, waste consist of rejected virgin pulps, sand, remains of woods, and barks, which the factory cannot use in subsequent processes. During the chemical recovery process, the factory emits wastes such as green liquor sludge, lime mud, wastewater, and chemical waste sludge. When making paper the mills emit wastes such as fibers, wool, and impurities like metal and staples. Further, paper and pulp industries produce harmful air emissions. Components such as electricity-generating units produce gases such as sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, methane, and volatile organic compounds. On top of being malodorous, these emissions cause massive air pollution (Venditti 17). Stakeholders of the paper and pulp industry have a responsibility towards management of wastes and emissions related to this industry. The government on its part should enforce firm regulations. It should also spell out the limits of this industry. The public should ensure that this industry does not compromise their safety through pollution of the environment. These factories should recover wastes and emissions, and convert them into useful products. For example, the factories should use greenhouse gases to generate heat and energy in the manufacturing plants (Office of Air and Radiation 12). In addition, these factories should minimize the generation of wastes. They should embrace installations that save on energy. Further, they should embrace new and convenient techniques. In case of closure, plants should leave the location in its original state or in an improved state. Further, these factories should engage in waste recovery processes such as wet oxidation and steam reformation. The factories should ensure safe and convenient disposal of their emissions and wastes. The factories should also engage in recycling of wastes. For example, factories can use barks and rejected pulps as fuel for the furnaces. These factories can use treated wastewater in the production processes. Finally, the factories should reclaim land and engage in activities that enhance soil fertility. Summary of research findings When conducting research, an individual gets to learn a lot and encounters several challenges. The factory management in many firms is ready to talk of the achievements of their companies. However, it is hesitant to open up on the challenges and flaws of the firms. This investigation was a success in terms of information gained. The information gathered on the general procedure of paper manufacturing process was efficient. Today, the paper industry is one of the big industries in the world. Many people use the paper widely in their everyday activities. This has led to the growth of this industry. There is a booming market for paper products in countries like India and the US. This has contributed to the massive production of the papers. This industry has two main sub-sectors. The first sub-sector deals with manu facture of pulp and paper while the latter concentrates on manufacturing paper products. Manufacture of paper is the core activity of this industry. Most factories in the industry engage in the manufacture of both paper and converted paper products. This industry has witnessed a series of transformations when it started (U.S Censors Bureau 1). Technological advancement and extensive research have propelled the industry forward and helped to improve its quality. As the investigation established, the stakeholders have put more effort in order to improve this industry. However, this industry faces major challenges. Being a universal industry, it requires many resources for it to function. Most of these resources are renewable while several are non-renewable. Further, there are large numbers of harmful wastes and emissions that result from the production processes. The investigation carried out failed to establish permanent and lasting solutions to some of the problems faced by this ind ustry. No factory had a lasting solution regarding safe disposal of waste and re-use of harmful wastes. It was a challenge for the research to find out the truth regarding the actual processes involved in disposal of wastes and emissions in these factories. The research had to make assumptions for it to move forward with the investigations. Such assumptions rotated around the technicality involved in the entire production process. For instance, the research assumed that the life expectancy of this industry would be shorter if the industry does not take precautionary measures. The research evaluated the impact of the increased use of internet instead of papers. Further, the research assessed the consequences of the environmental issues to the industry. Conclusion Importance of paper making industry in the newspaper advertisement process is evident. It is essential to understand the life cycle of the paper-manufacturing sub-sector. The life cycle assessment estimates the amount of mat erials and energy that factories consume in the process of producing papers. Further, the life cycle assessment calculates the amount of wastes and emissions released to the environment by the factories. Overall, the life cycle assessment method aims at establishing the impact of the production processes to the environment. Researching on this process enables individuals to understand the different sub-sectors involved in production of a single product. For instance, designing of a newspaper depends on sub-sectors such as paper, ink, electricity, and transport industries. Therefore, all these subsectors should consider the impacts of their functions on the environment and strive to maintain ecological balance for a sustainable ecosystem (Krowaski, Bresky and Pettersson11 ). Carnegie Mellon University. EIO-LCA: Free, Fast, Easy Life Cycle Assessment. n.d. Web. European Commission. Joint Research Center. 2013. Web. Krowaski, klaus, Jan Bresky and BÃ ¶rje Pettersson. A Life Cycle Ass esment of the Production of a daily Newspaper and Weekly Magazine. Zurich: Axel Spirnger Verlag AG , 1998. Print. Lecta Group. About Paper Manufacturing. 2008. Web. Office of Air and Radiation. Available and Emerging Technologies for Reducing Greenhouse Gases emission from the Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Industry. 2010. Web. Roekel, Gertjan. Hemp Pulp and Paper Production. 1994. Web. U.S Censors Bureau. NAICS 322: Paper Manufacturing. n.d. Web. Venditti, Richard. Life Cycle Analysis of Paper Products. 2011. Web.

7 Solutions for Repetitive Sentence Structure

7 Solutions for Repetitive Sentence Structure 7 Solutions for Repetitive Sentence Structure 7 Solutions for Repetitive Sentence Structure By Mark Nichol It takes little time or effort to spruce up a sentence that includes repetitive-sounding phrases. Here are some examples of minor revisions that eliminate echoes of phrasing: 1. â€Å"Six models are available, from a one-bedroom bungalow for $81,000 to a three-bedroom, two-story city house for about $200,000.† Avoid the â€Å"this for that, this for that† structure of this sentence by varying the second for phrase: â€Å"Six models are available, from an $81,000 one-bedroom bungalow to a three-bedroom, two-story city house priced in the low $200,000s.† 2. â€Å"Locations range from Sonoma, Berkeley, and Crockett in the San Francisco Bay Area to Shelter Island in Washington State.† The â€Å"this in that† repetition here is resolved by flipping the city/state order of the second element by using the possessive form of the larger geographic element: â€Å"Locations range from Sonoma, Berkeley, and Crockett in the San Francisco Bay Area to Washington State’s Vashon Island.† This type of solution is often useful even when no repetition occurs; â€Å"Chicago’s downtown hub,† for example, flows more smoothly than â€Å"the downtown hub of Chicago.† (Also, note in the example above that the capitalization of state is correct; this is an anomalous usage when distinguishing between the state of Washington and Washington, DC.) 3. â€Å"Her designs include the Vitra company’s fire station in Weil am Rhein, Germany, the Mind Zone at the Millennium Dome in London, and a tram station and car park in Strasbourg, France.† Introducing variations in this reference to buildings in various locations reduces the number of prepositions from four to two: â€Å"Her designs include the Vitra company’s fire station, in Weil am Rhein, Germany; the Mind Zone, at London’s Millennium Dome; and a Strasbourg, France, tram station and car park.† Note that because formal writing calls for setting off restrictive phrases without a comma, â€Å"the Mind Zone at London’s Millennium Done,† for example, implies that other Mind Zones are to be found elsewhere the three elements of this sentence have been separated by semicolons. 4. â€Å"The story bridges the stylistic gap between the dreams of Tim Burton and the nightmares of David Lynch.† The fix in the second example, above, can be applied to names of people as well as those of places: â€Å"The story bridges the stylistic gap between the dreams of Tim Burton and David Lynch’s nightmares.† 5. â€Å"They range from venerable standards such as House Beautiful, with a circulation of 7.6 million, to the local up-and-comer, Dwell, with a circulation of about 250,000.† Substitution of â€Å"which has† for a weak with and elegant variation of one word strengthens this sentence: â€Å"They range from venerable standards such as House Beautiful, with a circulation of 7.6 million, to the local up-and-comer, Dwell, which has a readership of about 250,000.† Various revisions of the final phrase are possible. You could choose a more vivid verb and write â€Å"which boasts 250,000 readers,† for example, but be careful about weighted words such as boasts and claims. Also, in some sentences, the grammatical structure of â€Å"the 250,000-reader Dwell† is valid, but applying the template here produces awkward wording. 6. â€Å"In the white winters, you can sled or cross-country ski, or drive to the North Lake Tahoe ski resorts. In the hot, bright summers, there’s hiking through giant forests, climbing the towering Sierra Buttes, and swimming in the 130 nearby lakes. In the autumn, the deciduous trees glow with vivid fall colors, and in the spring, the masses of wildflowers create a psychedelic dreamscape.† The repetitive â€Å"in the (noun)† introductory phrases in this paragraph are mitigated by some variety in the respective following phrases, but further differentiation is easily accomplished: â€Å"In the white winters, you can sled or cross-country ski, or drive to the North Lake Tahoe ski resorts. During the hot, bright summers, there’s hiking through giant forests, climbing the towering Sierra Buttes, and swimming in the 130 nearby lakes. Come autumn, the deciduous trees glow with vivid fall colors, and when spring arrives, the masses of wildflowers create a psychedelic dreamscape.† 7. â€Å"She says that over the past month, she’s made over 350 calls on her cell phone.† Avoid using a word more than once in a sentence, especially if it has different meanings each time: â€Å"She says that over the past month, she’s made more than 350 calls on her cell phone.† (But generally, when you come across over used in the sense of â€Å"more than,† don’t automatically correct it unless your workplace’s style guide mandates it. If you believe that over, as an alternative to â€Å"more than,† is not valid, get over it: Many usage manuals and style guides accept either term to mean â€Å"in excess of.†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Congratulations on or for?44 Resume Writing TipsParticular vs. Specific

Classroom Management, Engagement, and Motivation Assignment

Classroom Management, Engagement, and Motivation - Assignment Example The student's behavior is considered disruptive to the classroom environment as such an environment is always expected to maintain a learning-conducive condition. The learning-conducive environment should always be kept orderly, quiet and without any form of disruption. While walking around to cause destruction to other students, it is possible that Sarah may end up involved in a fight, quarrel and even accusations of interference with others properties. Such behaviors always cause scenes in the classroom, thereby turning it into a theater full of drama. She may also become a nuisance to the others while she keeps walking around the classroom. However, the possible antecedent of Sarah’s behavior could be the fact that she does not enjoy class work and cannot contain boredom due to being in one place. It is also possible that Sarah is used to being jumpy as a member of photography and movie-making club where moving around is part of the curriculum. Sarah may, therefore, end up wasting a lot of her time in causing trouble while walking around the classroom instead of concentrating on her studies. Her behaviors may also consume other students time while they try to catch up with her drama. It might, therefore, result in poor performance for Sarah and other students in the classroom. To mitigate this behavior, a lot of assignment should be given to this student with close deadlines to make her sit in her seat for longer times trying to work on them. Sarah can also be allowed to attend to her club duties where she will be able to engage herself in duties that require frequent movement around the stage. If the above instructional intervention is applied, Sarah will be able to change and become get used to sitting down for long hours as she completes her assignment.

Critically analyse Debenhams's code of conduct and identify tree key Essay

Critically analyse Debenhams's code of conduct and identify tree key components that demonstrate the company's values and busine - Essay Example 14). Stonehouse (1991) defines the code of conduct as â€Å"a statement about practice, or what we will strive to do† (Stonehouse, 1991). Since conduct is different from aesthetics, therefore, a good code of conduct should not address such issues as those of self-presentation, rhetoric, and style. A good code of conduct covers more than just moral principles; it also refers to the ideals of the good; â€Å"an engineer might insist on load bearing standards well above what the law requires because of his commitment to the ideal of safety. Sanctions – sanctions applied in the context of an appropriate complaints and discipline system - ought only to be deployed in relation to minimum standards (morality) but not in relation to ideals (ethics)† (Miller, 2002, p. 4). Essentials of a good code of conduct Bowie and Schnieder (2011) emphasize the construction of a foundation of the code of conduct before a company can make one that it expects all of its employees to fol low and work in accordance with. Essential components of a good code of ethics according to Bowie and Schnieder (2011) are that it should be applicable to everyone, it should remain consistent even at times during which the market is inconsistent, it should promote accountability and transparency, and it should help the organization apply the core values to the developments in regulations, technology, and all other factors that can affect the conduct of employees on the job. It is vital for a code of conduct to have involvement of the staff, and the management of individual operations and disciplinary processes should be assigned to the staff members (Bowden and Smythe, 2008, p. 584). Codes of conduct should not be just described as rules that dictate what actions need to be executed and what must be abstained from as such a visualization of codes of conduct is quite narrow. A good code of conduct mentions virtues in addition to actions. Debenhams’s code of conduct On Debenha ms’s website, there are three sections under the heading of â€Å"corporate social responsibility†. These sections include supplier code of conduct, disabled access, and policies of environmental and ethical trading. Debenhams shows only the supplier code of conduct on its website. This supplier code of conduct comprises 10 sections in total including introduction, legal requirements, employment, the safety and hygiene of working conditions, environment, representation of the workers, monitoring, inspection and assessment, sanctions, and ILO conventions. Out of the ten sections, only the third section i.e. employment has eight sub-sections titled payment of living wages, working hours not being excessive, employment of children, employment being freely chosen, disciplinary practices, lack of discrimination, respect for the freedom of association and the employees’ collective bargaining right, provision of regular employment (Debenhams, 2012a). Under the heading â€Å"disabled access†, Debenhams commits of providing the disabled people with access to the problem older stores. By providing this service for the disabled people, Debenhams gains an edge over other street retailers that do not provide the disabled people with this access. Debenhams essentially wants to project the image that the disabled people have all the rights of access that the non-disabled people ha

Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Economic - Essay Example Technological advent has propelled the demand for the fuel around the world irrespective of the price of the same. On the other hand, being a natural resource with exhaustible limits, the fuel cannot be exploited boundlessly. The present research attempts to evaluate the trends in the demand and supply volumes of the commodity. Objectives and Research Questions Rationale behind the policy measures undertaken by different economic agents revolves around the profit that they are likely to yield as a result. As oil is regarded as one of the most important raw materials and hence is a decisive factor behind profit generation, it is highly important to keep a track in the price fluctuations of the same. Purpose of this study will be to analyse the gap between demand and supply of oil during 2000-2005 which justifies the price fluctuations of the commodity. In cases of excess demand, prices are likely to soar high in contrast to situations of excess supply. Thus a suitable research questio n in this case will be to assess the association between policies and availability of oil in the market. Factors determining demand and supply of oil Factors affecting demand of oil Firstly, globalisation has increased the demand of various nations for crude oil which has added to the already high demand for the same. Nations undergoing a period of transition pose a high demand for oil which is regarded as an essential raw material for production. As they are almost always in a rush to improve their economic growth rates, their demand for the fuel is proportionately high. A good example is that of China which has multiplied its demand for oil post the advent of the new millennium, due to similar issues (Energy Information Administration, 2005). Secondly, speculations about political turbulence in the producer nations or chances of stringent ties with their customer nations could lead to hikes in the present demand of oil as the latter want to store more and more reserves of the same . Similar could be the situation when there are possibilities of exchange rate system depreciating in the importing economy. In other words, economies rising high on inflation are likely to demand less of the fuel. Although they might be the consequences of political disruptions, the consuming nations often end up purchasing large stocks of the fuel hence raising its present demand (Pirog, 2005). Lastly, demand for oil is highly dependent upon the availability of other substitute fuels such as coal or natural gas. Regions, which are rich in these resources or could trade them at cheaper prices, attract a lower demand for oil. Moreover, stringency in OPEC policies is also a reason behind the aggregate demand for the fuel. Factors affecting the supply of oil Firstly, the supply function of oil is positively related to the market price of oil in the past. A low market price is of little incentive for the producers who invest lower sums in building refineries and discovering oil mines, to maintain high volumes of future crude oil supplies (Allen, 2005). In addition, higher the market rate of interest is, lower will be the long-run supply of oil in the market as investors will be less attracted towards borrowing and would rather prefer to deposit their money in safe locks (Spann, 1979). Natural catastrophes could prove to be hazardous

Case Study on Avon Products Inc

Case Study on Avon Products Inc Should Top Management at AVON explicitly shape and change the culture of its organisation? Should Kroft, Woodbury, Jung or Gold has hopes of Succeeding Perrin, what should they do to develop their competencies and managerial leadership further so that the AVON board would look at them, and conclude that they have been there, and they have done that? Identify the problems and issues at AVON, and suggest ideas how the company could gain the competitive advantage in the global trade. Answer to Question 1: Yes, the AVON top management should explicitly continue to shape and change the culture within the organization. Based on our study, we found some issues faced by AVON Company as the following: AVON Managers are lack of sensitivity and slow response to the external environment change. In example: AVON managers were slow to realize that the influx of women in to corporate America had important consequences for home-based cosmetic sales. Resulted profitability slumped in 1980s. Poor financial performance at AVON has signalled the company for a need to become more responsive to a changing consumer market. Some unnecessary internal activities such like company session tickets for the Knicks and Yankees in the pass has also factored unnecessary cost to company. Those activities were scrapped later. As stated in the case study. Multiculturalism is the main challenge to the company as vital element in meeting customer demand and gaining competitive advantage. Those issues had badly contributed to AVON corporate culture and created impact for company performance in the pass. Definition of Corporate culture: So what is the definition of Corporate Culture? The definitions for corporate culture are numerous and are being refined and added to every day. The general academic view is that it is the shared, beliefs, assumptions, values, rules and norms the members of a collective such as a corporation or department hold. While this is perfectly acceptable we prefer to take the view expressed by Marvin Bower of McKinsey who said corporate culture is the way we do things around here. There are more sophisticated and certainly convoluted definitions for corporate culture but it is succinct and provides a good starting point for those who are new to corporate culture. Source: Corporate Culture, nd. Dudley Consulting, Inc. [Online] Available at: [Accessed 30 September 2010] Its difficult to change AVONs culture, the way we do things around here does not practice a positive corporate culture this is due to wrong believes, value and rules applied to the company culture. They dont lead by good examples and good leadership. But AVON has done it and turns those wrong doing to a positive culture started 1990s, as following: AVON start creates leadership campaigns such as sending middle managers for leadership development training. The entire management team participated in awareness training by leading diversity consultants. Management launch multicultural planning research project to evaluated company policies and practices regarding promotion. Indentify potential barriers to the advancement of women and minorities. Set up a task force across corporate head quarters multiple profit centres with more than 100 employees. Company has developed goals. To continue built a positive corporate culture, AVON shall consider below suggestions which is not practice from above example that AVON have done : Stories. A group packages up its culture into stories which are frequently told and re-told, and which typify the values of the group eg the time we all stayed late on Xmas Eve to get the last orders finished and then has an impromptu party at the local. Heroes. Individuals who typify to an extreme the values of the group. Symbols. These may be staff mottoes, the corporate mission statement or anything that symbolises the core values. Rites. These are specific occasions, such as the annual office party, when the core values are publicly displayed. Formal award ceremonies are another example. These are especially important for enculturing new staff. Rituals. This means a standard pattern of behaviour at a specific occasion, such as the office party if things are always done in a particular pattern. Courses. Attending in-house courses is an important way of team-building and communicating the core values. Cultural Networks. This means the informal contacts between employees where they reinforce core values, especially by passing them from older to younger group members. Source: organisation building a positive corporate culture, nd. tutor2u. [Online] Available at: [Accessed 30 September 2010] With above ideas to shape the company culture, AVON is likely achieve the following advantages of Strong Corporate Culture A common interpretation of the Instruction, so work is done to a similar standard and in a similar manner. Increase employee loyalty, and avoid expenses of employee turnover. Increase productivity of the company. Increase the Management control. Answer to Question 2: Before we jump to the point for discussing who shall be taking over AVON dealership there are something more vital to discuss first. Definition of Leadership : Good leaders are made not born. If you have the desire and willpower, you can become an effective leader. Good leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education, training, and experience (Jago, 1982) A simple definition of leadership is that leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal. Source: Leadership, Susan Ward, About.com Guide. [Online] Available at: [Accessed 30 September 2010] Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership knowledge and skills. This is called Process Leadership (Jago, 1982). However, we know that we have traits that can influence our actions. This is called Trait Leadership (Jago, 1982) Leadership is simply showed by good example, lead people to right things and do things right. A good leadership can groom another good leader. However, AVON does not groom any successful leader by any mentor. It caused AVON suffered many years. Until the company decided to source another leader who is experienced as chief executive in another global company. It had shown that company direction is to hire another guru to be the mentor and lead existing executive which hope to groom them in future. Definition of competencies: A competency is a skill, ability, or knowledge set that can be taught or developed. All competencies have indicators that allow them to be observed and measured. A leadership competency model is a group of competencies linked to leadership excellence in a specific organization. A leadership competency model supports the organizations vision and strategy by providing a framework by which the organization can select, develop, and evaluate leaders. Source: Joaquin Roca, 2009. What Is a Leadership Competency and How Do I Create a Competency Model? [Online] Place: USA/ Human resources and labour relations community. Available at: [Accessed 30 September 2010] A successful company should have a good leader with good leadership and competencies. In AVON, one of the main issues that that are facing is most of them are not processing comprehensive leadership and appropriate core competencies. A core competency is fundamental knowledge, ability, or expertise in a specific subject area or skill set. Source: Rafael Gutierrez, 2003. Core Competency. [Online] Available at: [Accessed 30 September 2010] Base on the AVON case study, should Susan Kropf to be the next leader of AVON, she not only needs to process a good operation and global marketing core competency skill which she already has. But also develop the following core competencies: Financial and Administrative skill which Edwina Woodbury has. To able to sustain company financial health growth. Crisis management and cost cutting skill from Christina Gold. Answer to Question 3: The main issue of AVON is due the lack of competitive advantage in global trade. Should AVON, like to gain a better business position, they should focus on building up the Completive Advantage in the globalisation era. Definition of Global Trade: Also refer to Globalisation. As economies become more connected to other economies, they have increased opportunity but also increased competition. Source: globalization, nd. Investorwords. [online] Available at: [Accessed 30 September 2010] Globalisation describes a process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of communication, transportation, and trade. The term is sometimes used to refer specifically to economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology. Source: Bhagwati, Jagdish (2004). In Defense of Globalization. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. Definition of Competitive Advantage: The Competitive Advantage is the ability gained through attributes and resources to perform at a higher level than others in the same industry or market (Christensen and Fahey 1984, Kay 1994, Porter 1980 cited by Chacarbaghi and Lynch 1999, p. 45) In VAON, they do not gain a Cost Advantage simply because their internal cost is high, unnecessary expenses such like New York City Ballet and the New York Philharmonic session ticket. They also not leverage the advantage of internet technology and still relay on Door-to-Door selling approach. They also do not seem to have differentiation advantage within the company. AVON should consider taking below steps to gain Competitive Advantage in the Global Trade: Cost leadership Is there any way to make cost advantage among all the competitors in this borderless era? They can move the production line move to a country to provide lower cost of production. Or leverage Technology advantage such like internet to cut the advertisement cost or agent cost? Like Dell has been very successful on its direct model to outreach consumers using the internet order system. Differentiation How to make AVON product unique from other product? AVON can consider using product development strategy to improve product packaging to maintain the market awareness. Focus AVON should avoid participate in all product range. And focus on niche product that they are good with. And become the leader of that particular area/product.

Down Syndrome Essay examples -- genetic disorder

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder in which a person is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21. There are three genetic variations that cause Down syndrome: Trisomy 21, Mosaic Trisomy 21 or Translocation Trisomy 21. There are many ways in which theses disorders affect the body.  Ã‚  Trisomy 21 occurs when an egg or sperm comes in with an extra copy of chromosome 21, then, once an embryo is formed and starts to develop, the chromosome is replicated in every single cell of the embryo. Trisomy 21 is the most common type of Down syndrome. About 92% of Down syndrome patients have this type. People with Trisomy usually have physical problems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mosaic Trisomy 21 happens when an egg or sperm come in with an extra copy of chromosome 21, then, once an embryo is formed and starts to develop, the chromosome is replicated in some of the cells. In Mosaic some cells have a normal number of chromosomes and some have an extra chromosome 21. Mosaic Trisomy 21 occurs in 2-3% of patients with Down syndrome. Mosaic Trisomy produces a wide range of possibility of a person having physical problems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Translocation Trisomy occurs when the extra copy of chromosome 21 or a piece of chromosome 21 becomes attached to another chromosome. Usually the chromosome 21 attaches to chromosome 14. About 3-4% of patients with Down syndrome have Translocation Trisomy 21.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anyone can be born with Down syndrome because it is a random event. Down syndrome is not usually inherited, but can be inherited... Down Syndrome Essay examples -- genetic disorder Down syndrome is a genetic disorder in which a person is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21. There are three genetic variations that cause Down syndrome: Trisomy 21, Mosaic Trisomy 21 or Translocation Trisomy 21. There are many ways in which theses disorders affect the body.  Ã‚  Trisomy 21 occurs when an egg or sperm comes in with an extra copy of chromosome 21, then, once an embryo is formed and starts to develop, the chromosome is replicated in every single cell of the embryo. Trisomy 21 is the most common type of Down syndrome. About 92% of Down syndrome patients have this type. People with Trisomy usually have physical problems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mosaic Trisomy 21 happens when an egg or sperm come in with an extra copy of chromosome 21, then, once an embryo is formed and starts to develop, the chromosome is replicated in some of the cells. In Mosaic some cells have a normal number of chromosomes and some have an extra chromosome 21. Mosaic Trisomy 21 occurs in 2-3% of patients with Down syndrome. Mosaic Trisomy produces a wide range of possibility of a person having physical problems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Translocation Trisomy occurs when the extra copy of chromosome 21 or a piece of chromosome 21 becomes attached to another chromosome. Usually the chromosome 21 attaches to chromosome 14. About 3-4% of patients with Down syndrome have Translocation Trisomy 21.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anyone can be born with Down syndrome because it is a random event. Down syndrome is not usually inherited, but can be inherited...

Analysis on Deodorant Market of India

K. J. Somaiya Institute of Management Studies and Research Marketing Management Deodorant Market of India – An Overview (Main Brand Studied – Dove) Submitted to: Professor Kiran Sharma Submitted by: Sneha M Zawar PGDM (Communications) Roll no: 60 05 – August – 2012 Contents Overview of Market:2 Market Statistics:3 Case Study: Dove5 History:5 Origin:5 Segmentation5 Target:6 Positioning :6 Unique Sellng Proposition :6 Milestones:6 Advertisemnt, Distribution and Selling :6 Price Postioning :7 Growth Prospects:7 Competitor Analysis :7Trends of Indian market8 Fall gaps and Forecast:9 Sources and References9 Overview of Market: In tropical country like India, Deodorants are considered to be essential personal care product from grooming perspective, to prevent body odour and make you feel fresh. Assocham’s recent report shows that Deodorant market of India is poised at 1800 Crore and is expected to grow at 55%, of this roll on market has share of 400 crore Major companies in this segment of personal care are: * Unilever with brands like Dove, Axe, Sure, Lux Cavinkare with brand like Spinz * Mc-N-Roe with brands like Wild Stone and Secret Temptation * Paras Pharma (now owned by Reckitt Beckinser) with brand Set Wet Zatak * Coty which has Adidas * Nike * Garnier * J. K. Helene Curtis (Raymond) which has Park Avenue * Godrej has deo with brand name Cinthol * Vini Healthcare with brand Fogg * Beirsdorf with brand Nivea These are all major brands in the mass category. There are many premium brands of Deodorant catering to urban elite but have a minimum percent of market share in India. Market Statistics: The Market share in terms of percentage for premium v/s mass deodorant is 2 and 98percent respectively which can be shown in the chart below * The growth in sales of deodorant sprays from 2006 to 2011 is shown in figure below Premium v/s Mass deodorants Source: Euromonitor 2012 Percentage Breakdown of Market Shares of Various Brands Case Study: Dove History: * This brand was established in United States in 1959, Dove was launched in India in 1995 as a brand which catered to urban women with its soap and then in 2004 on roads of brand extension entered deodorant category on the same line of 1/4th moisturising cream. It is the brand which is committed to widening the beauty because they believe that beauty comes in all ages, shapes and size and promotes the brand with ‘non-models’commercial Tagline : â€Å"Effective Protection Better Result† Origin: * It is a personal care brand by Unilever, It came in India in 1995 and imported and marketed by Hindustan Unilever. * Unilever won Best Marketer Award in the year 2004 for its brand Dove Segmentation * Demographic Segmentation: Gender: Females High Income and middle class women Pyschographic Segmentation: It tries to change the mind set of average women that she can look beautiful and Its deodorants target the segments on various lines of Soothing and moisturising, dry silk antiperspirant, Freshness and skin lightning for dark underarms and beautifying under arms and claims long lasting freshness. Target: It targets females in the age group of 15-40, urban, metropolitian and women of tier 2 cities. Positioning : * It is positioned as a brand which nourishes, care and has unique market specialization. It has introduced new varients time to time in order to comply with the changing need of women and comply with market standards, Dry silk which was launched as antiperspirant, then fresh with specialized lemon n cucumber extracts which was positioned as deo which renders long lasting freshness and moisturise whereas skin whitening which was launched recently to compete against nivea which claims to whiten dark underarms Unique Sellng Proposition : * It assures 24 hour protection from sweat, It has propagated and penetrated in the personal care market with the promotion campaign ‘Real Woman’.This is very unique to a brand as even its media campaigning strictly focus on the mantra of making every common woman make feel special and beautiful and includes no models in its advertisement Milestones: * Unilever has highest market stake in Deodorant category in India with its brands Axe, Sure, Dove and Lux. * Dove is one of the major brands in female category and is can emerge as a market leader with its unique varients, competitive rates and exquisite fragrance and active ingredients (lemon grass, silk powder, 1/4th moisturiser, pearl actives, cucumber) Advertisemnt, Distribution and Selling : Dove released a marketing campaign in 2008 playing less on super models and emphasising more on real women i. e real people posing camera * Dove regularly uses magazines like cosmopolitian, Femina, Marie claire for advertisemnts * Online advertisemnt has been excessively seen in past 3 years with launch of new varients of Deodorants * Distribution channels for Dove is same as like any other Unilever brand. It is avi lable as OTC product in retail outlets malls in metro and tier-2 cities. Deodorants are also available on online shopping sites where there are special offers and added discounts. Dove deo are sold in 150-175ml containers and special introductory offers as free dove soap and free face wash were introduced to make its category more price – efficient and appealing to consumers. Price Postioning : * Dove deodorants are priced at competitive rates 150ml pack of deo is priced at 160-175Rs * Dove products are priced premiumly as consumer associate price with efficacy but deodorants fall exceptions as the deodorant market of mass category is predominant and to sustain a good market share, Dove has priced its product at competitve range Growth Prospects: Deodorant market of India is male dominated, 60% share is of male deodorants and 40% of Women of which Dove has a stake of 8. 5-10% . * Women Deodorant market has grown at approximate growth rate of 40% in last 2 years, with this gro wth, there is immense potential for brand to penetrate in the market Competitor Analysis : * Main brands in the female deodorant category are Spinz, Nivea, Eva, Sure, Adidas, Nike and some Secret Temptation and Fogg. * Dove has launched different varients of deodorants to compete with different brands on various lines. Adidas, Nike has antiperspirants and targets higher and higher middle class consumer, since the product has high brand value it has got a brand conscious and set customer which is challenge for Dove, to compete with these brands it has got antiperspirants like ‘Dry Silk’ * Spinz and Eva positions its product for youth on the lines of Freshness and Flamboyance, Dove has very different positioning altogether but it has introduced varients called DOVE FRESH with lemon grass and cucumber extracts which may target females choosing deodorant for fragrance and freshness. Secret Temptation falls in a different category all together and have different target audie nce mostly college girls as it associates Mischief with the product, DOVE’S positioning is such that it cannot cater on those lines. * Nivea is chief competitor as both brands target same segment of customer and varients of deodorants of both the brands are positioned on the similar lines, however packaging and advertising of Nivea is more attractive and appealing to women. Trends of Indian marketAn introspect of Indian market and research of product category makes us classify different varients of deodorant on following trends which can be broadly stated as: * New Freshness: Which caters on the ground of freshness from basic natural to purifying e. g Dove ‘Go fresh’, Nivea ‘Fresh Natural’, Eva ‘Fresh’ * Technology: Technology supports Efficacy : Special active ingredients incorporated to serve specific purpose. e. g Sure ‘Cotton dry’, Adidas ‘3-action’, Dove ‘Silk dry’, Nivea ‘Dry comfortâ₠¬â„¢ * Sensitive : Specialised deodorants for sensitive skin or which claims to be irritation free. e. All Eva deodorants, Adidas ‘Sensitive’, Dove ‘sensitive’, Nivea ‘Sensitive Balm’. * Skincare : Products catered to beautify , care and nourish your underarms. e. g Dove with 1/4th mositurising cream and skin lightning, Nivea ‘Double Effect’ and ‘Beauty’ * All about Senses: Deodorant which cater on the line of invigorating some senses and moods on application or usage. e. g Spinz ‘Jazz’, ‘Samba’, etc, Secret Temptation and Yardley of london. * Age groups: Special products catering to specific age groups. e. g Spinz, Eva, Secret Temptation have there product positioned such that it appeals young girls.Fall gaps and Forecast: Indian markets tend to follow globally established trends as most of the companies and brands are multinationals. This category has enough scope of penetration and expansio n as deodorant have become one of the important personal care product of daily usage. Since deodorants are aerosol products and even anti perspirant ingredients incorporated have shown some side effects on long term usage, there is enough scope for Research and Development of New Products on the ground of being eco-friendly and clinically safe.Sources and References * www. portal. euromonitor. com, * www. epsearch. net; * www. search. proquest. com * www. unilevers. com/personalcare/Dove * www. wikipedia. com * http://www. thedailygreen. com/environmental-news/latest/best-natural-deodorants-47062903 * https://www. google. co. in/search? num=10&hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1241&bih=584&q=deodorant+logos&oq=deodorant+logo&gs_l=img. 1. 0. 0j0i5l9. 9569. 17121. 0. 19464. 19. 17. 1. 1. 1. 0. 313. 2551. 5j4j5j2. 17. 0†¦ 0. 0†¦ 1ac. FI_n6QTjW3U